Learning Log
chapter 7 nomenclature
The word nomeclature is a word meaning naming, and is what was learned this week in chemistery. There is a defined and intricte way of naming thats is different for molecules and ions and subdivisions of ions including polyatomic and biatomic ions. Naming molecules only apples to conalent bonds (Which molecuse only create) and are named by their subscript that tells how many atoms are in the molecule using prefixes such as mono, di, tri, ect and then the ending of the last element is changed to "ide". An example of this would be N_4 P_5 would be written as tetranitrogen pentaphosphide. IOns are named differently than molecules first when combining the atoms in the correct ratios to make them have a neutral charge together. This can be achieved by crossing the number of the atoms charge to make it the other atoms subscript and reduce if nessecary. An example of this would be H^+ and O^2- to get H_2O (or water). To find the charge one can use a charge clock. A charge clock is a circle with the numbers 1-8 in the circle and each has a coresponding oustide number; 1= +1, 2=+2, 3=+3, 4=+/- 4, 5=-3, 6=-2, 7=-1, and 8=0. The numbers on the clock (1-8) show how many valence elections it has and the out side number (-4-+4) and what kind of charge it has when it becomes an ion. This however cannot be used with transition metals therefore a roman numeral can be shown to show which oxidation it has when writing the name of the compound. This rule also applies to molecules. Once one knows what the compond is one can start naming it. If the ion only has one atom in it (Monotomic) it is simply called by its name. An example would be Fe^2+ would simply be called iron. Second, if there is a compund that has two atoms (biatomic) the rules are adjusted slightly. First the first element is always the cation and is called by its normal name iron, potassium, ect and use the roman numerals if nessecary. Next name the anion by changing the ending to "ide". If the ionic compund is made with a polyatomic compund one first names the cation (roman numeral if needed) and then the poly atomic ion. When it comes to what the polyatomic ion is called there are many rules. First if the compund contains oxygen it usually contanes "ate" or "ite" as a suffix. The baise line for each polyatomic ion will be "ate" varring between two to three oxygen atoms. Then one below the base line is "ite". If the polyatomic has the least amount of oxygen atoms it is hypo ite and if the atom has the most oxygen atoms it can have is per ate. Next, if the formula begins with an "H" (hydrogen) it is an acid. When naming acids you change the ending to eather "ic" or "ous". If it ends with "ate" change it to "ic" and if its "ite" change it "ous". Then, if the acid is a binary acid like HCl then it will have hydro in the front. Lastly all acids end with the word acid. An example of a polyatomic ion that is an acid is HNO_2 and would be called nitrous acid.
A way of knowing some polyatomic ions is using the sentence Nick the camel ate a one inch clam for supper in phoenix. With the a one for and in being filler words each word stands for a certain ion. First ate lets us know that all the ions end with ate. Then the first letter of each word stands for the element. the number of constinants for the number of oxygen atoms and the number of vowels for the charge. For example supper is S sulfer has four consinants so O_4 and two vowels For ^2+. Then this formula is SO_4^2+ and is called sulfide.
A way of knowing some polyatomic ions is using the sentence Nick the camel ate a one inch clam for supper in phoenix. With the a one for and in being filler words each word stands for a certain ion. First ate lets us know that all the ions end with ate. Then the first letter of each word stands for the element. the number of constinants for the number of oxygen atoms and the number of vowels for the charge. For example supper is S sulfer has four consinants so O_4 and two vowels For ^2+. Then this formula is SO_4^2+ and is called sulfide.